Han Empire (Ancient China) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Han Empire (Ancient China) - Essay Example Mesopotamia Empire existed in southwest Asia. The empire is a fertile green land and occasional rainfall attracted growth of many plants. Due to the rich plants, many animals also found suitable habitat in the region. People who lived around the empire were consequently hunters and gatherers of animals and plants respectively. The empire also received supply of fresh water from Euphrates and Tigris rivers that sustained animals and plants during dry spells. The empire also depended on the rivers for its irrigation. Ancient Mesopotamia Empire also referred to cradle of civilization or Fertile Crescent. Nubian people broke away from the rule of Egyptians to establish their own independent kingdom in 1000 BC. The kingdom was located around southern part of Egypt in a region that later came to be known as Nubia. In the eighth century, the kingdom became so powerful that it conquered Egypt. Due to Assyrians invasion, the Kushites moved up to around Meroe city. They were the first people t o use practically iron after learning iron working. Powerful nomadic people weakened the empire later over its own territory.

Safe Travel Essay Example for Free

Safe Travel Essay Modern life is impossible without traveling. First of all, in towns or cities the majority of us are committed by trips to school and work every day. For some people it’s a real travelling to get from the house to work. They are going by the underground, then by bus or by taxi. Occasionally we have to go to other city or country on businesses. After a year of hard work, people receive a holiday, and they do not like to spend it sitting at home. Millions of people all over the world spend their holiday travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and ruins of ancient cities, to enjoy picturesque landscapes or just to change the situation. It is always interesting to discover the new, to see, how different the life can be, to meet new people, to try unusual dishes, to hear unfamiliar musical rhythms. Most travelers and holiday-makers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interests them the sights of a city, old churches and castles views of mountains, lakes, valleys, plains, waterfalls, forests, different kind of trees, birds, plants and animals. For those who live in the country, it is pleasant to go to a big city and to spend time, visiting museums and artistic passageways, examining storefronts and having dinner at exotic restaurants. City dwellers usually like quiet holiday at sea or in the mountains, when it is not necessary to do anything, except walking, bathing and idling, lying on a beach. Those who are going travel on business or for pleasure, have at their disposal various means of transport. The fastest one is the plane. It’s better to book tickets in advance. In the very day you go to the airport by car. Soon you will be sitting in a big plane, and it will bring you to new lands. Sitting in a plane, you can look around yourself. The pilot and the crew are in the front cabin. Passengers can relax in comfortable seats. (944 words) Air Travel Q: Air travel only brings advantages to the rich people. But the majority of people do not benefit from it. To what extent do you agree? The proliferation of air technology has changed our world, air travel is one of the most welcome transport type. There is a viewpoint that only rich people enjoy the benefits brought by air travel. I do not support this opinion. Nowadays, air transport is a part of public transportation and air travel is afforded by people. Most of the seats installed in every airliner serve the common passengers. Rich people could choose first class or business class, even though they felt more comfortable, the fly experience, safety, the convenient and time-saving brought by air travel are all the same as well as economic class. As the air plane technology is advancing and globe air transport market competition is fiercer, cheap air travel has been born which bring many benefits to public. The engineers will make air plane flying longer with less fuel-consumption, meanwhile, the competition, in the same airline, gasping more passengers, between many air companies give more choice to individuals who can choose the No. depend on their situation, specifically, such as money, time and position. On the other hand, corporate jet is too expensive to afforded by common individual. Although personal car is afforded by common family, the price of small airplane are accepted only by rich people, so that free flying is a dream that many person having. Only small part of rich people have their own airplane and air port, due to the high maintain fee. It is evident that air transport technology could be used in other field. Scientists and engineers are inventing fly cars, combined with fly abilities, the new transport which can resolve a serious problem – traffic congestion in city. Once this product come to realistic, everyone will enjoy a cheap, fast and convenient flying experience as their wish, sound like in the film . Advantages of Travelling In our modern times, when travelling has become easier, domestic trips and foreign journeys are more popular with people. Although almost everyone is willing to participate in such events, there are still some people, who prefer staying at homes to visiting other places. What are the advantages and disadvantages of travelling? To start with, journeys are one of these kinds of entertainment, which make people feel cheerful and happy. According to many people’s believes, temporary change place of living improve human well-being or even bring an excitement. Secondly, apart from being a great source of enjoyment, travelling is also a perfect way to relax. Consequently, thanks to going on trips people can forget about their problems or daily life and duties even for a while. Furthermore, journeys are claimed to broaden people’s knowledge about foreign cultures. Not only can people find out more about other traditions and customs, but also learn some history, improve language skills or taste in local cuisines. Nevertheless, travelling requires a larger sum of money which is connected with transport, accommodation, food and some extra expenses. Therefore, an average man is not able to spend his money on it systematically. Moreover, trips, especially abroad journeys seem to be very tiring. It may happen that it takes many hours or has uncomfortable conditions and as a result travelers feel sleepy, exhausted or annoyed. Additionally, travelling is often associated with some kind of risk. People who visit other, extremely different nations, cannot be sure how to behave in some situations, particularly when they do not know language. Then, they can easily offend locals, even if they do not want it. On the whole, travelling has both advantages and disadvantages. Despite numerous drawbacks like high costs, tiredness and risk, it is a fantastic way to spend free time, which makes our lives more interesting.

Merchant of Venice Essay: A Comedy? :: free essay writer

To the reader, The Merchant of Venice, may seem horrible and it be impossible to find the â€Å"comedy† at all.   Perhaps, Shakespeare may have been simply trying to make people laugh at the appalling injustice we cause one another because of the small differences among us.  Ã‚   Or, perhaps, he may have at first wanted the viewers of The Merchant of Venice to feel that they, the Christians, had nothing in common with the Jew, Shylock.   What on earth could the Christians have in common with a Jew?   Shakespeare demonstrates that the Christians were just as hungry for money and fortune as the Jew.   Perhaps this is a comedy after all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That Shakespeare sees people, Jew or Christian, as simply people, and if he could not make people see that they were all people with common ground, then he would have to start with something he knew everyone could relate with.  Ã‚   The best item to come to mind was money.   No matter if the amount is in ducats, dollars or pesos, everyone understands this concept.  Ã‚   Although it does not seem perfectly clear in what way Shakespeare was trying to deliver the comedy in this play, one thing is evident,   Shakespeare was a man before his time.     Ã‚   So, besides trying to find where the comedy is, maybe one should try to find where the most superficial person lies.   Who is more superficial in this play?   The Jew whose only business is money, or the Christians? It seems apparent that both are superficial, and one no more than the other.   In the play Bassanio does not try to hide the fact that he needs to marry a woman of wealth to restore his fortune.   Shylock's daughter Jessica,   promises to steal jewels and fortune from her father, proving that she too is money hungry.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even Salerio and Solanio seem to talk of nothing more than riches and wealth throughout the play.   So yes, they all are superficial, and one can not peg one any more than another.So again, we are back to the comedy of the whole thing!   Ã‚  Ã‚   Now that I think about it, it seems strange that the majority of our class found no humor in this play.  Ã‚  Ã‚   When one thinks of why this may be, it is simple.   We do not laugh when we read this play because we have not changed.   Since the time of this play, we have inched very little away from prejudice and belittling people because they are what we feel is different, therefore making them strange.

Schizophrenia :: essays research papers

Positive Symptoms and Negative Symptoms of schizophrenia. Discuss at least two of each and the difference between positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning. Positive symptoms include delusions (false beliefs), hallucinations (false perceptions), and severely disorganized thought processes, speech, and behavior. A delusion is a false belief that persists in spite of compelling contradictory evidence. The delusional person ignores any evidence that contradicts his erroneous beliefs, and often becomes preoccupied with them. Schizophrenic delusions are often so convincing that they can provoke inappropriate or bizarre behavior. Delusional thinking may lead the dangerous behaviors. Hallucinations are false or distorted perceptions that seem vividly real. The content of hallucinations is often tied to the person’s delusional beliefs. The content of hallucinations and delusions may also be influenced by culture and religiosity. Negative symptoms reflect an absence or reduction of normal functions, such as greatly reduced motivation, emotional expressiveness, or spee ch. One commonly seen negative symptom is referred to as flat affect or affective flattening. Regardless of the situation, the person responds in an emotionally â€Å"flat† way, showing a dramatic reduction in emotional responsiveness and facial expressions. Speech is slow and monotonous, lacking normal vocal inflictions. A closely related negative symptom is alogia, or greatly reduction production of speech. In alogia, verbal responses are limited to brief, empty comments. What neurotransmitter is mentioned as contributing to schizophrenic symptoms? How do drug treatments alter this neurotransmitter’s level? What are some of the problems with these drug treatments? According to the dopamine hypothesis, schizophrenia is related to excessive activity of dopamine in the brain. Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, Throazine, and Stelazine, reduce or block dopamine activity in the brain. These drugs reduce schizophrenic symptoms in many people. Amphetamines and cocaine enhance dopamine activity and can produce schizophrenic-like symptoms in normal adults or increase symptoms in people who already have schizophrenia. Not all schizophrenics experiences a reduction of symptoms in response to the antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine activity. The problem with these drugs are that these drugs reduce some but not all schizophrenic symptoms. Discuss one aspect of schizophrenia that you didn’t know about before, or one aspect that you found particularly interesting and why. One aspect of schizophrenia that especially surprised me was not only how many people it effects and how many are at risk, but how much at risk people are these days. Also, that the fault of schizophrenia lies mostly within the male.

Single Parent Families in Australia

Contents 1. 1Introduction3 1. 2Social Wellbeing3 1. 3Disadvantage, Marginalisation, Power and Privilege4 1. 4Brief Report Outline4 2Research Methodology4 2. 1Reliability of Data and Limitations5 3Presentation and Analysis5 3. 1Housing6 3. 2Income7 3. 3Survey Evidence10 3. 4Survey results – Diagrammed12 3. 5Conflict and Functionalist Theories17 3. 6Functionalist Theory17 3. 7Conflict Theory18 4Conclusion – Evaluation and Decision Making19 4. 1Recommendations and Implications19 5Appendix20 Melissa Zanesco, Adderton 6 Study of Society report Single Parent Families Ms Brown 1 Introduction In a survey conducted over a period of ten years, it has been found that the number of single parent families has nearly doubled, and is continuing to increase [Figure 11 – ABS, 2007]. Despite this, single parent families in Australia face many challenges in terms of marginalisation and disadvantage because they do not have the same income advantage and housing accessibility as coupled families. In particular, research has shown that women are even more so disadvantaged than men and, as such, experience further difficulty in raising children and balancing income and housing affordability. Consequently, these disadvantages lead to a lower chance of having power in society and therefore, not receiving the same level of privilege as those in married couples. 2 Social Wellbeing Social wellbeing comprises a number of contributing factors. The Australian Bureau of Statistics lists areas of concern as being health, education, employment status, economic resources and housing [ABS, 2001]. It is these very factors that directly affect the level of equality shown towards groups in society. In addition, if one’s access to these fundamental indicators is undermined because of their marital status, it can lead to social inequality. Inevitably, this produces unfair rights and opportunities between groups. Inequality arises in societies when individuals or groups within the society do not experience sameness of treatment in relation to class, wealth, education, gender or race [Wikipedia, 2010]. Single parent families are particularly affected by their access to ffordable and maintainable housing and their capacity to earn an adequate income in order to support their families. In 1996, the ABS Census of Population and Housing found that at least fifty percent of single parent home owners or private renters spent at least a quarter of their income on either mortgage repayments or rent [Council of Single Mothers & their Children, 2002]. This claim is further supported by findings from the survey completed – which found that of thirty people surveyed, 87% of single parents were living in rented accommodation compared to only 13% of married couples. These statistics confirm that single parent families are hugely disadvantaged in housing ownership, primarily because the income being earned is not sufficient enough to purchase a house and the absence of a second income limits the level of privilege single parents have. 3 Disadvantage, Marginalisation, Power and Privilege Such disadvantages and consequent marginalisation inevitably produces inequalities in society, therefore hindering their access to power and privilege in the community. Limited power in society results in single parent families receiving inadequate support and privileges [WordNet, 2009]. Power can often be confused with privilege. While the two are interrelated, one’s level of power is determined by their actions and the subsequent status achieved by it. Privilege can be seen as a result of having power. When one achieves power in society, greater privileges are rewarded [WordNet, 2009]. Similarly, marginalisation is also closely related to disadvantage. One is disadvantaged when they are not given equal access to opportunities. Disadvantages are often caused by not having the same level of status as another because of lifestyle circumstances; in this situation it is being a single parent [WordNet, 2009]. Consequently, single parents and in particular single mothers are a minority group in society and as such become marginalised within the community because they are unable to have the same lifestyle a coupled family would have. 4 Brief Report Outline This report will investigate single parent families in Australia and the way in which they are disadvantaged through economic income and housing. As a direct consequence of these disadvantages, single parents are being marginalised in society. From the ABS Social Indicators, housing and income will be analysed as areas of concern in order to evaluate whether single parent families are indeed disadvantaged because of their status in society. It will be investigated as to how these two measures of social wellbeing affect the level of equality shown towards single parent families. In addition, evidence from the survey will be presented to support the information given in the report. Finally, both the conflict and functionalist theories will be considered to explain social inequality in relation to, and which theory is best suited to single parent families. Research Methodology The focus of the research was to locate information from an array of primary and secondary sources about single parent families in Australia. The Australian Bureau of Statistics was the main secondary source used to find official statistics, while the quantitative survey completed was the primary source of data. The survey provided information from thirty participants that would support the information presented and allow conclusions to be drawn. The questions in the survey focused primarily on housing and income and also what the general public’s view was on government assistance for families. The survey was created with convenience in mind, and thus featured primarily multiple choice questions, with one question asking for a written opinion on the government assistance scheme. Information found from secondary sources was presented in a research book and referenced accordingly. Reliability of Data and Limitations There were only three factors which may have played a role in the reliability and validity of the findings. Firstly, and the biggest variable was the survey responses. It is unknown whether every person surveyed gave truthful answers and while it was acceptable, it made it difficult to record accurate statistics if a participant did not want to answer certain questions. Seco ndly, in terms of the survey, only thirty people were questioned, which meant that the sample size was small and confined to Brisbane regions. Presumably, this meant that it did not harness the opinion of a wide variety of people. And lastly, only about half of the survey participants were single parents and it was very difficult to find single parents, so the results were not as comprehensive as would have been preferred. Presentation and Analysis Single parent families consist of a parent whereby they do not live with either a married or de facto partner together with a child of their own that was dependent on the parents [ABS, 2007]. According to the information obtained through the surveys, 9 out of the 18 single parent families were single due to divorce of registered marriage. The other 9 of the 18 single parents stated that they had never been in a registered marriage, but this was single due to separation of de facto couples. It was found that single parent families are most often headed by women, with only a small minority headed by men [ABS, 2007]. This is a significant variable that has been consistent in research and whereby income and housing have shown to differentiate between the two. Single parent families account for twenty two percent of families with children less than fifteen years of age in Australia [ABS, 2007]. This figure is expected to continue to rise, as can be seen in Figure 11, which has shown a steady and continual increase in single parent families from years 1987 to 2003. In 2006, 87% of one-parent families with children younger than 15 years were headed by mothers [ABS, 2007]. Yet, despite this rising trend, single parents continue to be one of Australia’s most disadvantaged groups, with little indication of improvement. 1 Housing In 2007, 14% of single parent families publicly rented their homes, forty percent privately rented and forty percent owned or purchased their homes. While that figure does not seem alarming, it is when compared to the eighty percent of coupled families who owned their homes – double the rate of single parent families [ABS, 2007]. Coupled with this, the survey found that 87% of single parents surveyed were living in rental accommodation, compared to just 13% of married couples [refer to Figure 2]. Between the ABS and survey statistics, this is an average of 70. % of single parents living in rental housing. In addition, women are at a further disadvantage with 62% of single women surveyed living in rented homes and only 38% of single men with the same living arrangements [refer to Figure 3]. In addition, those applying to take out a mortgage must pass a certain criteria; including whether your income has the capacity to afford the repayments. Banks apply certain standards, like capacity to make repayments and many single parents are not earning enough to qualify for this criterion, making it even more difficult for single parents to buy a house. The key trend here is that single parents are marginalised in housing ownership because only those with a high income may be able to afford to take out a mortgage and as such, are restricted in their chances of being able to purchase a house. A recent study by the University of South Australia found that single mothers faced discrimination when trying to secure housing in the private rental market because landlords were unwilling to sign leases for single mothers with children [AHURI, 2002]. Furthermore, Cam Smith from the Victorian Council of Social Service recently discovered that â€Å"rents have also been rising by about 15 per cent a year†, arguing that despite the growing costs of housing, the Government is yet to re-evaluate it’s rental assistance scheme for single parent families, with single parent families still spending more than a quarter of their income on housing [ABS, 2007]. Those eligible for rent assistance must be living in private rental accommodation and must also be receiving social security payments [Centrelink, 2010]. Many have called for a review of this policy because single parents on a low income that are not receiving social security payments are ineligible for rent assistance. This is supported by evidence found in the surveys which showed that half of the single parents surveyed were earning under $30 000 per annum, meaning that $7500 of this income is eing spent on rent alone. In summary, it is evident that in terms of housing access, single parent families struggle to obtain suitable housing that is affordable and maintainable and majority of single parents are unable to purchase a house because their income and other factors do not meet the criteria for home loans. Majority of single parents are living in rented accommodation and still find it difficult to pay rent even with rent assistance. Thus, single parent families are marginalised in terms of home ownership because many do not earn a sufficient income to purchase a home, but cannot work more hours because they must be home to look after their children. Inevitably, single parent families are limited in their access to power and privilege because having dependent children means they are restricted to working less hours and earning a lower income – a key factor in determining the level of power a person has and the privileges attained by it. Income Research constantly shows that single parent families are at a greater risk of poverty than couple families. According to a study by the National Centre for Economic and Social Modelling (NATSEM), in 2001 the proportion of single parent families in income poverty was 18% compared with 6% of married couples with children (refer to Figure 1)[NATSEM, 2001]. The vulnerability of single parents results from the difficulty of balancing employment to earn an income while pr oviding for and raising children alone. The difficulty in this is that single parents who are raising children alone find it almost impossible to work any more than part time and thus, cannot earn the same income as married couples working full time. Single parents are disadvantaged because they are restricted in being able to work only a certain number of hours a week because a lot of time must be spent at home looking after their children. Single mothers are at a greater level of poverty as seen in the surveys; with only 26% of single mothers working full time, compared to 74% of single fathers [refer to Figure 7]. This statistic reinforces the argument that single mothers are not privileged in terms of income because they do not have opportunity to earn that of a full time working parent, and are more disadvantaged than single fathers because women account for the majority of single parents. In 2007, the ABS reported that forty two percent of single parent families were relying on government benefits as their primary source of income compared to six percent of coupled families with dependent children [ABS, 2007]. The disadvantage in this is that many single parents are headed by mothers, and it is widely known that women earn less than men. In fact, surveys showed that 38% of single mothers were earning less than $30 000 per annum compared to just 11% of single fathers earning the same income. Furthermore, just 5% of single mothers were earning over $45 001 per annum compared to 38% of single fathers earning the same amount [Figure 6]. These results highlight the fact that single fathers are less disadvantaged when it comes to income because they are more likely to be working full time than single mothers and as such are less likely to be living in poverty. If majority of single mothers are only working part time and if wealth equals power, single women are limited in their access to power in society because they are unable to achieve power with minimal income. This demonstrates the income marginalisation of single mothers when compared to their male counterparts and the fact the single mothers are one of society’s most underprivileged groups. According to a survey conducted by the Child Support Agency in 2000, seventy five percent of the ninety one percent of single mothers were raising children on incomes below $20 000. Furthermore, these women were earning and average of $295. 00 per week, but research conducted by the University of Canberra found that the weekly cost of raising two children alone was $310. 00 [CSA, 2000; University of Canberra, 2003]. This proves that single mothers are earning less than basic living expenses require and are finding it incredibly difficult to survive, despite child support from the government, it is not sufficient for single mothers to live comfortably. In addition, if they are earning barely enough to support their children, it would be impossible to save any money to put towards possible housing ownership. This reinforces the argument that single mothers are increasingly disadvantaged by only having one source of income and that hinders their access to any privilege in society because they do not have any assets or savings needed to gain a powerful status in society. Further statistics are proving that single parent families are at a disadvantage when it comes to income and child support. The Australian Institute of Family Studies research paper notes that forty one percent of single parents were receiving no child support, due to income deemed too high to be eligible and hours children spent in their custody were not enough. Of those who did receive it, over eighty percent got only one hundred dollars or less per week [AFS, 2003]. In addition, the surveys showed that a huge 89% of single parents were not satisfied with the government assistance they were receiving (refer to Figure 4) and believed the government did not provide enough funds for single parents. The key trend noted here is that even those receiving child support are still only receiving minimal amounts and a low income means their financial disadvantage is at an all time low. An average single parent family spends half its income on rent, household bills, and food while parents who are married spend under one third of the budget on these essentials, further highlighting the fact that married parents do not face anywhere near the level of financial hardship that single parents do [ACOSS, 2005]. The expenses of raising a child do not decrease because one is a single parent, and these statistics are proving that single parent families are becoming financially marginalised because their inevitable low incomes are preventing them from living comfortably. This information has clearly distinguished the extreme disadvantages in terms of housing and income that single parents, and in particular, single mothers face. Single parents on the whole are earning far less than those who are married and as such, are disadvantaged in their ability to buy necessities and have any money remaining to put towards savings or other expenses. It is clear that single mothers are the most marginalised because majority of children in single parent families live with their mother and as such, single mothers must lessen their working hours to ensure that they are home to raise their children. It is clear that single parents with primary custody should be receiving more support from the government to compensate for their inability to work full time and government assistance should be provided with more consideration of the single parent’s situation. 3 Survey Evidence (Notes: *all statistics and figures presented in this section are out of thirty participants surveyed. those who responded as being ‘Never married’ were previously in a de facto relationship that had separated, and those without children in this category were omitted from the results. ) ? Of the single parents surveyed, 44% were male headed and 55% were female headed (Figure 1). The information presented in this report reinforces that single mot hers are at a greater disadvantage than single fathers due to majority of single parent families being headed by women and their limitations in earning a high income because of family commitments, thus making them less likely to achieve any power or privileges in society. Of those who were living in rented accommodation, 87% were single parent families and 13% were married parents (Figure 2). This supports the argument that single parents are marginalised in their ability to afford a mortgage and their low incomes prevent them from being eligible for a home loan. ? Furthermore, of the single parents renting, 62% were single mothers and 38% were single fathers (Figure 3). Single mothers are marginalised in housing ownership because many experience discrimination when applying for a home loan and low incomes make housing ownership almost impossible. Married parents were earning a minimum of $45001 per annum, with 67% earning $75001 or more a year (Figure 5) Married parents have the ab ility to gain power in society because while one parent is raising the children, another can be out working full time and earning good money, which is a determining factor in one’s level of power. Thus, wealth and power means greater privileges are rewarded and married couples are less restricted in achieving this than single parents are. 61% of single parent families were earning under $30000 per annum (Figure 5). This reinforces the fact that low income means limited access to power and privilege in society and wealth in a major disadvantage for single parent families. ? Furthermore, the single parents who were earning $45001 or more (2) were unsurprisingly men (Figure 6) Single fathers are less marginalised than single mothers because they have the capability and time to work longer hours and earn more due to most single parent families being headed by women. 74% of single fathers were working full time, compared to just 26% of single mothers (Figure 7) Single mothers are disadvantaged in their ability to work full time because they must be home to take care of their children, which limits the hours they can work. ? 70% of single parents had children enrolled in state schooling, while just 28% of married parents had children attending state schools (Figure 8). Married parents earn more > can afford private schooling; single parents earn less > don’t have financial opportunity to send children to private school therefore, they are marginalised in their access to education. 65% of married parents were unaware of the current government assistance scheme for parents, while 21% of married parents thought it was unfair and 14% thought it was fair or that single parents should be given counselling (Figure 9). Married couples do not know what single parents are receiving from government and so, that may be preventing them from lobbying for the government to provide single parent families with more assistance. Perhaps better education about government assistance should be given to harness stronger opinions from people. 61% of single parents were unsatisfied with the government assistance they were receiving, while 22% were satisfied with it and 17% were not entitled to it (Figure 10). Single parent families are at a disadvantage of only having one income, but are even more so marginalised because government assistance provided does not compensate for a second income; it is only support. ? Single parents surveyed were not receiving anymore than $200 fortnightly in Government Assistance. Despite being at an income disadvantage, single parents who are desperately in need still receive no more than $200 fortnightly which indicates the limitations they have to afford life essential, let alone save any money to afford to buy a house. 4 Survey results – Diagrammed Figure 1: [pic] Figure 2: [pic] Figure 3: [pic] Figure 4: [pic] Figure 5: [pic] Figure 6: [pic] Figure 7: [pic] Figure 8: [pic] Figure 9: [pic] Figure 10: [pic] 5 Conflict and Functionalist Theories The Conflict and Functionalist theories are concepts developed by theorists looking for a way to describe levels of class in society. Each has key tenets that make them different and why one in particular may be a better explanation of single parent families and their marginalisation and disadvantage in society, which leads to power and privilege shown towards them. 6 Functionalist Theory The Functionalist theory sees levels in society as a comparison to the human body. It sees the social system to be made up of different interconnected parts and if any of these ‘organisms’ break down, the rest of society will malfunction. Functionalists approve of social order and view inequality as natural and necessary where ‘everyone gets their due’. In addition, they see social change as disruptive on the system unless it happens gradually and social stratification is useful in maintaining stability in society. It sees those with special talent as deserving of the social reward and privilege (wealth, power, prestige) but fails to explain the place of those in society where their social status is ascribed or inherited, and not achieved. As such, the Functionalist theory sees single parent families and the disadvantages they experience as necessary to maintain social order and believe they receive what their position in society is worthy of. [Sociology: Australian Connections. 2007] 7 Conflict Theory The Conflict Theory originates from the thinking’s of Karl Marx who studied societies throughout history. Marx believed that social change emerges through the struggle and conflict being played out between social classes. The Conflict Theory sees social stratification as a result of groups becoming rich and powerful then preserving their own interests above those in lower classes. Conflict theorists view tension, hostility, competition and differences as a permanent and inevitable feature of societies. The key idea in the Conflict Theory is that ‘social order is marked by conflict and maintained by force’. It states that life chances are less for members of subordinate and powerless groups who have inferior opportunities, which in the case of single parents, is the limitations in income and housing that their situation has created. It is important to note that Conflict theorists do not see conflict as a negative force, more that it has many consequences bringing about social change. [Sociology New York, 1987; Sociology: Themes and Perspectives, 2000. ] Of the two theories, the Conflict theory more suitably explains the disadvantage and marginalisation experienced by single parent families. The rising number of single parent families is due to their low level of income forcing them into a lower social class and as such, their level of class hinders their access to power in society. Due to their lack of power and marginalisation in comparison to married parents, the opportunities of single parents are limited to those that they can afford and find time for and it has proven to be a vicious cycle that is very difficult to break. The rising number of single parents and disadvantages they experience in comparison married parents has been an issue for some time and so, as the Conflict theory states, these differences are bound to bring about change in the future. For these reasons, the Conflict Theory is a better explanation of single parent families. Conclusion – Evaluation and Decision Making Single parent families are one of Australia’s most underprivileged and powerless groups. In particular, single mothers have shown to be the most disadvantaged group and experience the highest level of financial disadvantage and are most marginalised in their housing accessibility. Because most single parent families are headed by women, single mothers are limited in their access to power because it is a constant struggle to balance earning an income with family duties. As such, single mothers do not receive the same privileges as married parents because they are restricted in their ability to earn a high income which limits the opportunities available to them. Single fathers have shown to be less disadvantaged than single mothers but still experience hardship in relation to home ownership. The research has proven that the disadvantage experienced by single parent families has shown no signs of improvement and married parents continue to have a much greater level of power and more privilege in society. As the Conflict theory states, when there is conflict between two groups in society single and married parents), it is destined to bring about social change. For that reason, the rising number of single parents in Australia is not necessarily a negative force, but one that is demonstrating the need for reform in the Government support and privileges that single parent families so desperately need. 1 Recommendations and Implications It can be seen from the primary and secondary sources of information that single parents experience the greatest disadvantage in their ability to work full time to earn a high income and their ability to purchase a home. Thus, it is recommended that the Government puts in place certain programs and funding to ensure that the marginalisation of single parents is decreased and that the equality between married and single parents is made level. This can be achieved by providing single parents with child care grants that provide single parents with the opportunity to work full time without having the burden of child care costs. In addition, the government should provide single parents with grants to purchase a home to ensure that their single income does not restrict their access to home ownership. Furthermore, grants for everyday necessities such as groceries and fuel should be provided so that single parents have a higher chance of being able to save money. Finally, the government should create some programs for single parents that give them advice on how to handle work and family duties and how they can save money even on a low income. These suggestions may cost taxpayers more money, but at the end of a day, if society wants to live in an egalitarian society, these are the first steps that must be taken in order to achieve this. Appendix Figure 11: [pic] Figure 12: [pic] Figure 13: [pic] Bibliography Article Base. (2008, October 21). Basic Requirements Needed to Receive a Mortgage. Retrieved May 10, 2010, from Article Base: http://www. articlesbase. com/mortgage-articles/basic-requirements-needed-to-receive-a-mortgage-610898. html Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2007, August 7). 4102. 0 – Australian Social Trends, 2007 . Retrieved May 10, 2010, from Australian Bureau of Statistics: http://abs. gov. au/AUSSTATS/[email  protected] nsf/ProductsbyReleaseDate/3550D34DA999401ECA25748E00126282? OpenDocument Australian Council of Social Service. (2005, September). Facts about single parent families and welfare. Retrieved May 9, 2010, from Australian Council of Social Service: http://acoss. rg. au/images/uploads/294__info_380_sole_parents. pdf Australian Government. (2009). Your child support assessment. Retrieved April 29, 2010, from Child Support Agency: http://www. csa. gov. au/ChildSupportFormula/yourChildSupportAssessment. aspx Burke, T. , & Hulse, K. (2002, May). Sole parents,social wellbeing and housing assistance. Retrieved May 12, 2010, from Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute: http://www. csmc. org. au/? q=housingstress Commonwealth of Australia. (2004, March 11). A hand up not a hand out: Renewing the fight against poverty. Retrieved April 28, 2010, from Parliament of Australia Senate : http://www. ph. gov. au/senate/committee/clac_ctte/completed_inquiries/2002-04/poverty/report/ Jureidini, R. (2000). Sociology : Australian connections. In R. Jureidini, Sociology : Australian connections (pp. 83-86). New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. Loxton, D. (2005). What future? The long term implications of Sole Motherhood for economic Wellbeing. Just Policy , 35. Princeton University. (2006). WordNet Search. Retrieved 9 May, 2010, from Princeton University: . Princeton University. (2008). WordNet Search. Retrieved May 9, 2010, from Princeton University: . SAULWICK, J. (2010, January 8). Henry Tax Review. Retrieved May 9, 2010, from Sydney Morning

Men and women were created equal essays

Men and women were created equal essays Men are not superior to women, they are equal in every way. Although it is true that society has stereotyped women into traditional roles, this preconceived notion, is totally false. Action to promote the concept of equality in our society needs to be taken. Women have been fighting for equality for many decades. As a result of this battle, some amazing transformations have taken place amongst the female gender. Women have become educated and over the last few decades have started to take active roles and their rightful place in society. They have made major inroads in working opportunities, including government, science and even the military. They are reshaping world history and are very proud. Internationally, women have achieved the highest office in several countries, such as: Indira Gandhi of India, Golda Meir of Israel, and Margaret Thatcher of Great Britain. Hilary Clinton is currently running for a senate seat in New York and if she is successful, could one day follow in her husbands footsteps and become the first female President of the United States. These women have all obtained equal roles and respect as leaders of their countries similar to Bill Clinton and Jean Chretien. Other examples of women who have favourably impacted on todays society are the late Mother Theresa and Lady Diana. These ladies tireless efforts for the good of humanity impacted the whole world. Only in the 20th century, and most recently in the last 20 years, have women overcome social barriers and been allowed to obtain a scientific education. Today, women are becoming an ever-increasing percentage of the scientific and medical work force. In 1982 Barbara McClintock won the Nobel P rize for her discovery of mobile genetic elements. Her discovery was that genes could jump around on chromosomes. This discovery was the basis of todays advances in genetic engineering. The ...

Canadian Embassy and Consulates in the U.S.

Canadian Embassy and Consulates in the U.S. Residents of the United States with valid passports dont need a visa to enter or travel through Canada. Likewise, most Canadian citizens dont require any visa to enter the United States, whether they are coming from Canada or another country. Some situations require visas, though, such as governmental or other officials relocating, and having the contact information of the nearest embassy or consulate handy is helpful when it comes time to renew or review these documents​ or consult officials on matters regarding Canada. The embassy and consulates are spread throughout the country and each covers a designated section of the United States. Each office can provide passport assistance  and emergency services, as well as notarial services to Canadian citizens. Consular services such as courier  delivery of voting ballots to Canada and transferring funds from Canada are available at both the embassy and the consulates. The embassy in Washington, D.C., also has a free art gallery that is open to the public. Canadian Embassy in Washington, D.C.501 Pennsylvania Ave. NWWashington, D.C.20001Tel: (202) 682-1740Fax: (202) 682-7726Canadian Consulate General in Atlanta1175 Peachtree St. NE100 Colony Square, Suite 1700Atlanta, Georgia30361Tel: (404) 532-2000Fax: (404) 532-2050Canadian Consulate General in Boston3 Copley Place, Suite 400Boston, Massachusetts02116Tel: (617) 247-5100Fax: (617) 247-5190Canadian Consulate General in ChicagoTwo Prudential Plaza180 North Stetson Avenue, Suite 2400Chicago, Illinois60601Tel: (312) 616-1860Fax: (312) 616-1877Canadian Consulate General in Dallas500 N. Akard St.Suite 2900Dallas, Texas75201Tel: (214) 922-9806Fax: (214) 922-9815Canadian Consulate General in Denver1625 Broadway, Suite 2600Denver, Colorado80202Tel: (303) 626-0640Fax: (303) 572-1158Canadian Consulate General in Detroit600 Renaissance Center, Suite 1100Detroit, Michigan48243Tel: (313) 567-2340Fax: (313) 567-2164Canadian Consulate General in Los Angeles550 South Hope St., 9th FloorLos Angeles, Cal ifornia90071Tel: (213) 346-2700Fax: (213) 346- 2797 Canadian Consulate General in Miami200 South Biscayne Blvd., Suite 1600Miami, Florida33131Tel: (305) 579-1600Fax: (305) 346-2767Canadian Consulate General in Minneapolis701 Fourth Ave. S., Suite 900Minneapolis, Minnesota55415Tel: (612) 333-4641Fax: (612) 332-4061Canadian Consulate General in New York City1251 Avenue of the AmericasConcourse LevelNew York, New York10020Tel: (212) 596-1628Fax: (212) 596-1790Canadian Consulate General - San Francisco580 California St., 14th floorSan Francisco, California94104Tel: (415) 834-3180Fax: (415) 834-3189Canadian Consulate General - Seattle1501 4th Ave., Suite 600Seattle, Washington98101Tel: (206) 443-1777Fax: (206) 443-9662

The Difference Between Revising and Editing

The Difference Between Revising and Editing Just when you thought you were done writing your paper, you realize you still need to revise and edit. But what does that mean? The two are easy to confuse, but it is important for students to understand the difference.   Revision starts once you have a finished first draft of your paper. As you reread what you have written, you might notice a few places where the wording does not seem to flow quite as well as the rest of your work. You may decide to change a few words or add a sentence or two. Work through your arguments and make sure you have evidence to back them up. This is also the time to make sure you have established a thesis and have kept your focus on that throughout your paper.   Helpful Tips for Revision Give yourself time between writing the first draft and looking at it again for revision. A few hours can give you enough time to see it with fresh eyes that are more likely to spot trouble areas.Read your paper out loud. Sometimes speaking the words helps you get a better feel for the flow of a paper.Do not worry about the editing yet. Get the big ideas down and leave the detailing for later.Make sure your paper is organized in a logical way. Make your thesis statement and follow it up with arguments, quotes, and evidence in a way that makes your purpose clear. Editing your paper happens once you have a draft you are confident in as a whole. In this process, you are going to look for the details that may have slipped by you during the writing process. Spelling errors are often caught by spellcheck, but do not trust this tool  to catch everything. Word usage is also a common problem to catch in editing. Is there a word you use repetitively? Or did you write there when you meant their? Details like this seem small on an individual basis, but as they pile up they can distract your reader.   Things to Look for When Editing Look for spelling and capitalization errors that your editing software may have missed.Punctuation can make a big impact on how your paper flows. It creates a rhythm that can completely make or break a paper.Fact-check yourself. Did you cite your quotes and sources properly?Don’t be afraid to let a friend or colleague look at it with unfamiliar eyes. Sometimes you know your material so well that your brain automatically fills in blanks or sees what you meant, rather than what you said. Someone seeing the work for the first time might catch things you didn’t. Once you get into the habit of revising and editing, it becomes a little easier. You begin to recognize your own style and voice, and even learn the mistakes  you are most susceptible to. You may know the difference between there, their, and they’re but sometimes your fingers type faster than you can think and mistakes happen. After a few papers, the process will happen more naturally.

Ethics behind Credit Rating Agencies business and the role of Assignment

Ethics behind Credit Rating Agencies business and the role of regulator issues - Assignment Example The credit rating agencies plays an important role in assessing the credit worthiness of the company. Creditworthiness is considered as a parameter in evaluating the willingness and the capacity of the debtor to repay the debt. There are various credit rating agencies in the world. Among the various credit agencies, the three most popular and well known credit rating agencies are Standard and Poor, Fitch group and Moody’s. Each credit rating agencies has its own rating scale for ranking and rating the companies across the world (Bahena, 2010). The Credit rating agencies played an important role in influencing and facilitating the investors to invest in the international securities. The credit rating agencies have devoted themselves in designing the structure of the agencies. The Credit rating agencies were assigned with responsibilities during the period of financial crisis prevailing in the economy. But it has been observed that the agencies were unregulated before the financial crisis. After the financial crisis the government has imposed restriction and emphasized on maintaining transparency in its rating procedures for the growth and development of the agencies. The credit rating agencies faced criticism during the period of financial crisis, since it failed to publish verifiable and valid data about the rating performance of the companies. The criticisms encountered by the rating agencies were mainly due to the following reasons such as the underestimation of the correlation due to the default during the economic downturn, the lack of sufficient data, overreliance on the statistical and mathematical methodologies by the credit rating agencies has resulted in furnishing of inadequate data and the disregard of various conflicting interest. The credit rating agencies receives revenue from the issuers of the companies. Suppose a company is rated high by one credit rating agency as compared to other credit agency then the company will prefer to rate

OBESITY IN CHILDREN Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

OBESITY IN CHILDREN - Research Paper Example This indicates how the situation has become alarming over the years and hence, has drawn the attention of many researchers and scholars who feel that it can be the reason for an alarming situation in the years to come. They fear that a very high number of the population in the next generation would be victims of obesity-induced diseases such as coronary heart problems, cholesterol, diabetes and high blood pressure. Furthermore, the obese children find difficulty in leading a normal childhood because their weight and body structure make it difficult for them to carry out normal activities done by the children. This study explores the subject of obesity in children in the United States in detail. Through a review of literature as well as a review of empirical research studies, it would aim to understand the prevalence, incidence, relative risk, causes and preventive measures about obesity in children. Review of Literature Obesity in very terms is defined as the excess amount of fat in the body. While there is no standard definition for both obesity in children as well as in adults, medical practitioners use two main yardsticks to qualify a child as obese. The first and the most popular yardstick is known as the body mass index or BMI (the weight of an individual in kilograms divided by the height in meters). Obesity is determined based on this BMI. The second yardstick is to compare with a standard of weight measurements. If the weight of the child is 20% higher when compared to the average weight, or body fat percentage is higher than 25% from the standard percentage, then the children are classified as obese (Filozof et al, 2002). Most doctors evaluate a child for obesity only after they are around 3-4 years and do not consider fat children below 1-2 as obese. Nowadays, with the high rate of increase, obesity is considered as a medical condition that requires timely medical intervention. Traditionally, obesity is linked to the rate of metabolism, because it dep ends on the rate of the energy expenditure of the body. Therefore, the body slowly moves into the condition of obesity. One of the major issues with obesity in children is that it is very difficult to keep it in control and the process of getting the body to normal is gradual (Ogden, Carroll and Flegal). The primary negative effect of the condition of obesity is serious health threat that it brings along. Childhood is an period of life where the body grows and develops. The way in which this development happens determines the health in the future. However, in obese children many diseases that normally do not occur in children begin to surface. Conditions such as high blood pressure, palpitations, diabetes, which are chronic ailments start affecting children and limit the body’s capacity to grow and develop in a proper manner. It also has a high impact on the way in which both physiological and psychological development takes place in children (Berkowitz et al, 2003). Thus, th e body is not able to perform to its optimal level because of the high weight, causing an effect on the physical development of the body. Most people think that obesity can cause only physical problems for the child. While it is true that obese children are more likely to turn into obese adults who have an increased risk of heart diseases and strokes, it is also needs to be

Compare and contrast the yellow wallpaper and the ones who walk away Essay

Compare and contrast the yellow wallpaper and the ones who walk away from omelas - Essay Example Nonetheless, this peculiar work has received recognition and won the Hugo, as the most prestigious science fiction award; thus, having a frequent anthology both in main stream anthropology and science fiction. On the other hand, the story â€Å"the yellow wallpaper† is actually a renowned short story. It is interesting to note that it was just recalled from the oblivion (Costello and Tucker 475). Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote this short story. The facts behind its original creation and its modern or current rediscovery are worth recounting. Additionally, the â€Å"the yellow wallpaper† is a true story based on the author’s personal life experiences. Notably, the story is deliberately based on her debilitating and depression effects of her medical conditions and subsequent treatment (Costello and Tucker 474). The story â€Å"the yellow wallpaper† claims to â€Å"save people from being driven crazy.† In the same way, the story â€Å"The Ones Who Walked Away From Omelas† claims civilizations for the society it is addressing. However, an auditor of the Atlantic Monthly turned the story down claiming that it contained a start and unsettling content. I n this case, both stories share a common negative publicity, in that, the classification of â€Å"The Ones Who Walked Away From Omelas† proved to be a challenge, and consequently, in the case of â€Å"the yellow wallpaper†, there is a claim that the story is a start that has unsettling content. Moreover, the story received a sentiment that it was â€Å"too terribly good to be printed.† However, following series of events on the same story, especially its discussion on the title â€Å"the Madwoman in the Attic,† led to its wide recognition and subsequent discussions within the American literature (Costello and Tucker 478). The story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has different readings and interpretations; however, it obviously invites critics who may demand a feminist approach in discussing the story.

Leadership and Organizatioinal Change Research Proposal

Leadership and Organizatioinal Change - Research Proposal Example Background to the Study Leaders are critical in change process given the role they play in the entire process. Leaders, for example, develop vision and strategy for the organization, create the need for change, identify new approaches to adopt, and even empower employees to take part in change process (Seidman and McCauley, 2011, p.47). As a result, leaders are critical to the success of change process. However, modern organizations due to internationalization and globalization have people from different cultures, backgrounds, ethnics, and so on. Given that, these people have to work together and help organizations achieve their goals, best ways have to be found on how well such people from diverse cultures can work together for the good of the organization. This therefore requires leadership teams of organizations to identify and implement the best strategies in order to establish cross-cultural teams that help organization achieve its goals. Although there is growing literature con cerning the positive role cross cultural teams plays in enabling organizations realize goals (Voutsas, 2011, pp. 116-117) there is little literature concerning how leadership teams can participate in establishing the most effective cross-cultural teams. Statement of the Problem Due to numerous dynamics in the environment, business managers and leaders have found change to be inevitable. Organizations have found out that having a heterogeneous workforce in globalized world is unavoidable. As a result, more and more people from different cultures are likely to work together in one organization. Due to this, organizations’ leadership has to find the best ways of establishing and managing effective cross-cultural teams in order to achieve objectives of the organization. Purpose of the Study The aim of this study is to establish the appropriate ways organizational leadership can take part in establishing effective cross-cultural teams in an organization. This will be achieved thro ugh analyzing a number of international firms that have heterogeneous workforce. Objectives The objective of the study is to identify and analyze strategies used buy firms to establish effective cross-cultural teams. The understanding is that organizational change can effectively be carried out through the input of cross-cultural teams. Research Questions This study will be guided by the following research questions: What strategic role can cross-cultural teams play in change management of an organization? How can organizational leadership create and sustain effective cross-cultural teams? Hypothesis Effective cross-cultural teams should promote good: communication, decision-making, conflict resolution, interpersonal relationships, leadership, and collaboration, which in turn are likely to results into effective organizational change. a) Independent variable The independent variable to be studied includes the function of cross-cultural teams in an organization. b) Dependent variable The dependent variables to be studied include skills with regard to communication, decision-making, conflict resolution, interpersonal relationship, leadership, and

Illegal Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Illegal Immigration - Essay Example Illegal or undocumented immigration elevates a number of concerns related to public rights. During 1990s, it so happened that public confrontations had come up that had focus on the status of the illegal immigrants. Poor financial circumstances in Mexico and military aggression in Central America had led the populations of these areas to immigrate to regions like California, Arizona, and Texas. Anti-immigrant reactions had developed in these areas. In order to discourage the entry of illegal immigrants, the voters of California had passed the Proposition 187, which would bring to an end public social service to them. The services terminated included schooling, food aid, and medicinal care. However the legislation was instantaneously confronted by the court system. Although the proposition was a beginning to limit the services to illegal immigrants, the measure was killed by arguments that arose against the legislation citing the civil rights of education and food facilities. Thus thi s led to a crisis as human sentiments would not accept such illegal activities within their country. (Segal, 117-118). The majority of illegal immigrants who enter a country without any authorization are in general not eligible for welfare grants. However, certain social services and health care programs are available to illegal immigrants as well. Health care services to small children or poor people are provided to all immigrants, be they legal, or illegal. Public education is also another service that is provided irrespective of the child being an illegal immigrant. A country like the United States has no identity card system which makes documentation of individuals difficult. However, various laws are amended that intend to exclude several social services to those individuals who do not form part of the legal documented system of a country. Elimination of supposed illegal students from schools or colleges has been tried in the country. However, not only did this policy face challenges from the court, but this led to individuals creating false documentations to prove that are legal citizens of the country. (Ono & Sloop, 170-172). The use of several social services also leads to huge losses of funds. If services could be denied to people who are unable to produce legal documents of their citizenship in a country, then much of the country’s funds could be saved. Moreover, much of the funds are lost in the verification processes that are required to verify such immigrants. The medical services that are provided are also funding huge amounts, irrespective of the fact whether a citizen is legally or illegally settled, especially small children and pregnant women are always given special care. Basic food and medical services are also provided to poor residents who do not have any insurance or are not covered by any other program. Naturally, denying such services to illegal immigrants would provide huge savings on the part of the government funds. (Ono & Sloop, 170-173). Conclusion: Illegal immigration evidently has defects. Ongoing high levels of

Leadership and Organizatioinal Change Research Proposal

Leadership and Organizatioinal Change - Research Proposal Example Background to the Study Leaders are critical in change process given the role they play in the entire process. Leaders, for example, develop vision and strategy for the organization, create the need for change, identify new approaches to adopt, and even empower employees to take part in change process (Seidman and McCauley, 2011, p.47). As a result, leaders are critical to the success of change process. However, modern organizations due to internationalization and globalization have people from different cultures, backgrounds, ethnics, and so on. Given that, these people have to work together and help organizations achieve their goals, best ways have to be found on how well such people from diverse cultures can work together for the good of the organization. This therefore requires leadership teams of organizations to identify and implement the best strategies in order to establish cross-cultural teams that help organization achieve its goals. Although there is growing literature con cerning the positive role cross cultural teams plays in enabling organizations realize goals (Voutsas, 2011, pp. 116-117) there is little literature concerning how leadership teams can participate in establishing the most effective cross-cultural teams. Statement of the Problem Due to numerous dynamics in the environment, business managers and leaders have found change to be inevitable. Organizations have found out that having a heterogeneous workforce in globalized world is unavoidable. As a result, more and more people from different cultures are likely to work together in one organization. Due to this, organizations’ leadership has to find the best ways of establishing and managing effective cross-cultural teams in order to achieve objectives of the organization. Purpose of the Study The aim of this study is to establish the appropriate ways organizational leadership can take part in establishing effective cross-cultural teams in an organization. This will be achieved thro ugh analyzing a number of international firms that have heterogeneous workforce. Objectives The objective of the study is to identify and analyze strategies used buy firms to establish effective cross-cultural teams. The understanding is that organizational change can effectively be carried out through the input of cross-cultural teams. Research Questions This study will be guided by the following research questions: What strategic role can cross-cultural teams play in change management of an organization? How can organizational leadership create and sustain effective cross-cultural teams? Hypothesis Effective cross-cultural teams should promote good: communication, decision-making, conflict resolution, interpersonal relationships, leadership, and collaboration, which in turn are likely to results into effective organizational change. a) Independent variable The independent variable to be studied includes the function of cross-cultural teams in an organization. b) Dependent variable The dependent variables to be studied include skills with regard to communication, decision-making, conflict resolution, interpersonal relationship, leadership, and

The Role of Japan of World War ll Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Role of Japan of World War ll - Essay Example Japan started a war with China in 1937. In an effort to end the war of Japan against China, President Roosevelt shut off American trade with the Japanese, which made Japan more aggressive than before. The Japanese increasingly continued to look for strategic resources and raw materials southwards. However, the United States stood firmly, in Japan’s path. The United States pacific fleet at the Pearl Harbor was the only threat force with the capacity of challenging the Japan’s navy (Black, 2003). The American bases located at the Philippines also threatened the contact lines linking the East Indies and Japan islands. Every oil tanker heading to Japan had to pass through American-held Luzon. From these constraints, the Japanese war plans emerged. In analyzing this assignment, the assignment will discuss the role played by Japan in World War II. Based on this, background information on Japan that triggered the World War II will be discussed. In addition, the outcome of the war will also be discussed. Japan stood ready to overcome the whole South Asian Peninsula and the Dutch Indies, which was rich in oil. This planned conquer was as a result of Japanese lacking raw materials for its growing industries (Williams, 2005). The desire to conquer the Dutch Indies and the South Asian Peninsula angered the United States and an embargo developed between Japan and the United States. Negotiations targeted at ending the differences between the two countries failed since the countries were at odds with each other. The United States used force to make Japan withdraw from war against China and renounce alliance with Italy and Germany in 1940 (Williams, 2005). The Japanese were against the move by the United States; Japan was secretly planning an attack on the Philippines, Hawaii, and Guam. In 1941, the Japanese attacked the Pearl Harbor, which was viewed as a desperate action by Japan to escape from an earlier choice imposed by the United States.

United Arab Emirates Essay Example for Free

United Arab Emirates Essay In his article titled â€Å"United Arab Emirates† Sulayman Najm Khalaf gives an interesting overview of the UAE, one of the richest and most prosperous countries in the world. He briefly covers a wide range of subjects that concern the way of life of the Emirati society and vary from the country’s location and geography, its history, ethnic and social composition, political institutions, social welfare, the history of economic development, urbanization to the family life of its citizens, religion, child rearing, education, eating habits, etiquette, etc (Khalaf). Khalaf’s brief account of gender roles and statuses in the Emirati society now make me see the role of women in the country’s social, political, religious, or artistic life in a slightly different way. Although it is a well known fact that Emirati women, like women in many other Muslim countries, do not have the same rights and opportunities as men regardless of whatever the country’s government officials may declare, I did believe they had a greater influence on many aspects of social life and better access to the country’s politics than they actually have. I was also surprised to learn that in spite of the high ratio of the number of educated women in the UAE and their impressive performance in schools and universities, most of them tend to get married early, instead of taking the existing career opportunities, and actually choose to dedicate themselves to raising children and managing domestic affairs. I wrongly believed that the current status of women in the UAE was somewhat approaching the status of women in Western countries. In his article Khalaf describes some aspects of the special relationship between four principal social classes existing in the United Arab Emirates on the one hand, and between the Emirati nationals and the immigrants on the other hand. I was not aware of the high importance which is attached to the division of the nationals into social classes, their roles in â€Å"Page # 2† the Emirati society, and particularly the obvious impossibility for their members to move from a lower social group to a higher one. The article also changed my beliefs about the existence of equal opportunities for the citizens of the United Arab Emirates. Despite apparent openness and equality that I believed were typical of the country, and also tolerance for other ethnic or religious groups, now I am quite aware of the visible existence of gender discrimination and discrimination against other cultural or religious groups which, what is particularly shocking for a Westerner, are overtly encouraged by the state. As far as discrimination against the immigrants is concerned, now that I have read Khalaf’s article I am inclined to believe that the incomers are tolerated in the UAE not out of a sense of Emirati hospitality that is often advertised abroad, but because the country needs them and their low paid labor and services. This can be substantiated, for example, by the fact that the nationals that are just a minority group representing only 20% of the population are favored by most state laws or business regulations (Khalaf). Despite being a multiethnic society, the UAE grants privileges to and appears to protect the interests of only one ethnic group reserving other groups for a sustainable but nonetheless a relatively decent, by local standards, existence. It can be thus concluded that equal opportunities as we understand them in the West simply do not exist in the United Arab Emirates. The author explains that apart from Islam which is the country’s official religion foreign incomers can open and attend their own places of worship, too. But, as he emphasizes in the article, the majority of immigrants are of Asian or Arab descent following Islam. Khalaf does not mention, for example, how many, if any, practicing Christians or Buddhists as well as their churches or temples there are in the country. It would be also interesting to find out more about how the UAE regulates the inflow of immigrants from the much poorer countries of the region. Little does the author say about certain aspects of the country’s â€Å"Page # 3† political life, for example, how the president and his deputy are elected and by whom, how the judiciary is formed, etc. REFERENCES: 1. Khalaf, S. N. United Arab Emirates. Retrieved April 17, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_gx5228/is_2001/ai_n19144272

Improving Operational Effectiveness and Customer Service

Improving Operational Effectiveness and Customer Service Case Study: Improving operational effectiveness and customer service at Gant Logistics 1.0 Introduction Nowadays, the term of â€Å"logistics† has become a necessary word relate to the normal life. Many logistics business has developed rapidly. In this report, the Gant Logistic is the company which is buyout a business logistics business to make up of the current new business. There is no doubt as a new business establish as the difficulties will come out. The purpose of the report is to analyse what kind of problem that Gant Logistics faced up, what kind difficulties need to be overcome. The aim of this report is help the initial business become developed faster and improved the disadvantages. Furthermore, the report will analyse the scope of the business. Overview of logistics information systems and technologies. 2.1 Essential features Logistics management is very important for achieve an efficient and customer-oriented logistics service of a logistics company. It is a part of supply chain, it plans, implement and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, materials and any information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customer requirements. It contains materials management, cannel management, and distribution and supply-chain management. Logistics automation is another feature of an efficient and customer-oriented logistics service. It is the application of computer software, to improve the efficiency of logistics operations. The industrial machinery can easily identify products by transmitted through radio frequency and is usually used in RFID tags, sometimes by bar code. The supply chain management system enables the business to meet the demands of their customer more effectively and efficiently. It can helps companies to process orders much more quickly and effectively to ensure customer needs are addressed quickly. It is also provide company lowers cost, improved collaboration, give cycle times, response to conflict. The Customer Relationship Management is very important to maintain customer-oriented logistics service because is support the effective management of customer relationships and lifecycle, from initial lead right through to after sales activity. Microsoft Dynamics CRM is good to use in Gant Logistics Ltd. Because it turning Microsoft Outlook into a single center that can organize customers data, offering familiarity, functionality and flexibility in management of communications. It helps company increase efficient of customer service. Using Enterprise Resource Planning systems is another essential feature of an efficient and customer-oriented logistics service. It integration across all business process, make business more efficient, faster and less error, enhanced productivity, increase overall performance and quality reports and performance analysis, it also integrate with supplier and customer systems enhance full visibility and efficiency across the business supply chain. Allow customers to track their parcels, delivery fast, customer service and delivery couriers attitude are also the essential features of an efficient and customer-oriented logistic service. Modeling and management of decision making, tracking and tracing are include in the information system, which is very important as well. It gives essential data and consolation in each step of the interaction among logistics services and the target station. A well-developed transportation system is also the essential features of an efficient logistics ser vices. Without a good transportation system, logistics could not bring its advantages and will decrease the efficient and customers. It also will cost a lot to the company. 2.2 Main types of information systems As Gant Logistics Ltd is a new business, it is important and necessary to set up two key elements that help the business developed which are operational efficiency and customer orientation. Although the two elements has been organised, the business still need an efficient information system and technologies to organise. The term of information system is connect the relative information to support the business decision making and control in organisation (Management information systems 2015, Pxxi). The Gant Logistics business is focus on logistics and transport, so supply chain management systems will be one of the information systems that improve the business more effectiveness. Another system to support market function is decision support system and enterprise resource planning system. Supply chain management system is the active management which maximise customer value and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage activities (Robert 2011). The main function for supply chain management is transformation, movement and storage of goods and materials. For Gant Logistics the operational efficiency is the key element to grow business, during the process movement of the product has to be organised well, appropriate timing, check goods quality and quantity, and organise quick delivery process is the components for operational efficiency. Unsuccessfully and inappropriate communication would drag the business to failure. Therefore, timely communication and technology-enabled visibility lead business to organise production correctly and modify the potential problem. Logistics business 3.0 Recommendations 3.1 Information systems and technologies 3.1.1 Inventory management system Inventory management system is to scan inventory items, for example, feature licenses and hardware components. Hardware components are installed in the routing platform, both of part and serial number. Feature licenses enable software features to run on a routing platform. It is advisable for Gant to introduce inventory management software into its inventory management system. It will maintain a timely track of orders, inventory levels, shipments and other items. As for certain products, which might be sold together at most time, or are more popular in the market, it can be grouped by inventory management software and be placed together (Barbosa Musetti, 2010). Considering potential market and delivery destination, inventory management software placed all the products near the delivery area, in order to speed up daily operation of warehouse, which is beneficial for manufactures, distributors, wholesalers and retailers. Inventory management system will contribute to the optimization of warehouse and distribution centers. Since Gant has a number of distribution centers in 11 locations and deliver various products such as fast-moving consumer goods and domestic appliance. It is difficult to find out the exact goods listed on the inventory order. Introduction of inventory management software will increase the efficiency of keeping and picking up of products. Inventory management software enables Gant to manage and automate track the receipts, adjustments, transfers and stock counts in the warehouse. 3.1.2 Third-party logistics Third-party logistics refers to the supply chain including both its own suppliers and outsourced suppliers, to fulfill its overall objectives. It requires for an integrated operation both in warehousing and transportation services, which can be scaled and customized in accordance with the changeable market conditions, such as additional demands for goods and materials. Once there is an integration of procurement or production of goods, the company shall call the third-party logistic providers for help (Helo Szekely, 2005). It is a particular operation in the overall supply management, including raw material provision, warehousing and transportation. Fuel cost is a major cost element for Gant’s business, with an annual fuel bill in excess of $60 million. It operates distribution centers in 11 locations across Australia and utilizes a fleet of 182 trucks. It is essential for Gant to reduce its fuel cost and increase its operational efficiency. Third-party logistics allows Gant to transfer its pressure to third party and enjoy a cost saving. There are 3 main types of third-party logistics providers, which are asset based, management based and integrated providers (Cheng Phillips, 2011). It is advisable for Gant to choose the third one, in order to maintain flexible operation, reduce capital commitment, save both cost and time. 3.1.3 Customer-oriented model Unlike former strategic goals in logistic system, which emphasizes greatly on profitability and market share, customer-oriented model highly value customer service in the entire supply chain. The Quick Response is the key to success of the customer-oriented model. Gant shall recognize customers’ changeable demand and react to it as soon as possible. Quick Response requires for a closer cooperation among all the participants in the supply chain, including manufacturers, deliverers, wholesalers, retail sellers, etc, so that the cost of customer service are able to be reduced to the minimum. Gant shall gain the key information on customer’s demand in time and make the most of it in the supply chain. Modern logistic technologies shall be introduced to the logistic system, such as EDI (Hazen Byrd, 2012). Customer-oriented model are carried out through out the overall logistic processes. It requires for redesigning in manufacturing operations, good partner relations in negot iation, shorter periods in delivery, timely information sharing in communication, fast transport and TQM obligations. It is of great significance for Gant to set up customer-oriented model, for the reason that it helps the company to boost sales volume and cut costs, which is good for all the participants in the supply chain. 3.1.4 Drivers monitoring system All the trucks in Gant shall be equipped with console-mounted cameras. Cameras are able to track the drivers’ eyes behavior, when they are driving. When drivers are found to nod-off, they will be alarmed through Bluetooth earpiece. With a customized sound or gentle vibration, drivers will be waked by this driver fatigue alarm. In addition to that, sensors shall be embedded in the truck seat, which are able to measure electrocardiography of drivers, known as ECG (Gruenwald, 2013). Sensors are able to measure drivers’ heart rate variability, so that assess the stability of drivers heart rate, from beat to beat. When drivers are tired or sleepy, their heart rate will slow down greatly, which will be detected by the sensor. This information will also start up driver fatigue alarms in the truck. It is necessary for Gant to introduce cameras and sensors in their logistic system, for the reason that it is to resolve serious issue of driver fatigue. These technologies will enab le Gant to carry out real-time monitoring on driver’s healthy and efficiency, as well as to eliminate the negative impact brought by driver fatigue as much as possible. 3.2 Schedule for implementation Time Strategy Operations 1st year Inventory management system Inventory management software Drivers monitoring system Sensors, cameras, alarms 2nd year Customer-oriented model Quick response in all the processes 3rd year Third party logistics Integrated providers 4.0 Conclusion Gant is a new company formed from the management buyout of a transport and logistics business. There are a couple of issues in its current operation, such as high fuel cost and low operation efficiency. Strategies shall be set up to deal with these issues, such as set up inventory management system and drivers monitoring system, introduce customer-oriented model and select third-party logistics providers. There is no doubt that a series of difficulties will be met during Gant’s development in logistics system. It is necessary for Gant to keep a timely record and share information with its partners, in order to quick response to the changeable market condition. 5.0 References Barbosa, D. Musetti, M. (2010), â€Å"Logistics information systems adoption: An empirical investigation in Brazil†, Industrial Management Data Systems, vol. 110, no. 6, pp 787-804. Cheng, L. Phillips, J. (2011), â€Å"Geographic information system applications in supply chains†, International Journal of Business Research, vol. 11, no. 5, pp 131-136. Gruenwald, H. (2013), â€Å"Logistics software from a logistic management and management information systems (MIS) perspective†, Information Management and Business Review, vol. 5, no. 12, pp 591-597. Hazen, B. Byrd, T. (2012), â€Å"Toward creating competitive advantage with logistics information technology†, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, vol. 42, no. 1, pp 8-35. Helo, P. Szekely, B. (2005), â€Å"Logistics information systems: An analysis of software solutions for supply chain coordination†, Industrial Management Data Systems, vol. 105, no. 1, pp 5-18. Management Information Systems, 2015, introduction to information systems, 1st end, Heather Gray,Issa, Grame, Indrit, Kelly,Brad and Hugh, viewed 28 May 2015, Vitalsouce bookshelf ebook database. Robert , H 2011, â€Å"What is supply chain management?† The Supply Chain Resource Cooperative, viewed 28 May 2015, http://scm.ncsu.edu/scm-articles/article/what-is-supply-chain-management>. http://www.scs.org/pubs/jdms/vol2num2/Kustra-Ganapathy-pp71-86.pdf

Invisible Man :: Literary Analysis, Ralph Ellison

Ralph Ellison uses symbolism in the first chapter of Invisible Man to illustrate the culture in which he lived and was raised. In the chapter, entitled â€Å"Battle Royal†, Ellison intends to give his graduation speech to the white elite of his community. However, before her can deliver said speech, he is forced to perform humiliating tasks. The use of symbols is evident throughout â€Å"Battle Royal† particularly with regard to the Hell imagery, power struggle, and the circus metaphor. The setting of the chapter is significantly symbolic. The story takes place in a luxurious ballroom, which Ellison has masterfully transformed into Hell. This is the smoker. The men in the audience are â€Å"smoking black cigars† (1255). The room was â€Å"foggy with cigar smoke† even though the room is described as large and has a high ceiling (1255). The narrator also gives these men animalistic qualities that essentially revealing them to be savages. They are seen â€Å"wolfing down food† (1254). Later, they â€Å"run laughing and howling after [the dancing woman]† (1257). Although far less of a ravenous image, the narrator even compares the perverted old man to an intoxicated panda. The narrator also describes them as having â€Å"red faces† (1259). In this characterization the men seemingly have all the characteristics of demons in Hell. The Hell image is advanced further when the fighters are blindfolded. The narrator explains, â€Å"..now I felt a sudden fit of blind terror.† (1257). When the fight begins, he adds, â€Å"[t]he smoke had become thicker and with each new blow it seemed to sear and further restrict my lungs. My saliva became like hot bitter glue.† (1258). The men demonstrate their authority over him and his classmates. A prime instance of this is the dancing woman. The ten fighters were positioned in the front of the ballroom. Then the woman was exhibited, all eyes were on her. She was completely naked, except for her makeup and a tattoo of the American flag. Her face was â€Å"heavily powdered and rouged†¦ [her] eyes hollow and smeared a cool blue.† (1256). She represents America, and therefore freedom. The men in the audience even though they are just as fixated as the fighters, have more control. In their society, they are allowed to look at a white woman. The fighters however, are black, and therefore are supposed to suppress any thoughts regarding her so they do not get killed. This display also serves to rob them of some of their masculinity.

Th Future of Hip Hop Essay -- Hip Hop Music, Total Chaos

From its conception in the 1970's and throughout the 1980's, hip hop was a self-contained entity within the community that created it. This means that all the parameters set for the expression came from within the community and that it was meant for consumption by the community. Today, the audience is from outside of the community and doesn’t share the same experiences that drive the music. An artists’ success hinges on pleasing consumers, not the community. In today's world, it isn’t about music that rings true for those who share the artists' experiences, but instead, music that provides a dramatic illusion for those who will never share the experiences conveyed. This has radically changed the creative process of artists and the diversity of available music. Most notably, it has called in to question the future of hip hop. In Total Chaos, Jeff Chang references Harry Allen, a hip hop critic and self-proclaimed hip hop activist. Harry Allen compares the hip hop movement to the Big Bang and poses this complex question: â€Å"whether hip-hop is, in fact a closed universe-bound to recollapse, ultimately, in a fireball akin to its birth-or an open one, destined to expand forever, until it is cold, dark, and dead† (9). An often heard phase, â€Å"hip hop is dead,† refers to the high occurrence of gangster rap in mainstream hip hop. Today’s hip hop regularly features black youths posturing as rich thugs and indulging in expensive merchandise. The â€Å"hip hop is dead† perspective is based on the belief that hip hop was destined to become the model of youth resistance and social change. However, its political ambitions have yet to emerge, thus giving rise to hip hops’ criticisms. This essay will examine the past and present of hip hop in o... ... in which the expansion never ends, but all vitality is lost. The past shows us that hip hop has transformed and evolved; it doesn’t have to end and it doesn’t have to lose its momentum. Works Cited Chang, Jeff. Total Chaos: The Art and Aesthetics of Hip-hop. New York: BasicCivitas, 2006. Print. Farley, Christopher J. "Rapper Nas Says Maybe Hip Hop Isn't Dead After All." Wall Street Journal, 20 May 2010. Web. Merwin, Scott. "From Kool Herc to 50 Cent, the Story of Rap -- so Far." Pittsburgh Post- Gazette, 15 Feb. 2004. Web. Nas. 2006. â€Å"Hip Hop is Dead.† Hip Hop is Dead. Def Jam Recordings. Nas. 2006. â€Å"Hope.† Hip Hop is Dead. Def Jam Recordings. Rose, Tricia. The Hip Hop Wars: What We Talk about When We Talk about Hip Hop - and Why It Matters. New York: BasicCivitas, 2008. Print. Williams, Saul. 2004. â€Å"Telegram.† Saul Williams. Fader Record Label.

Renaissance history

â€Å"Renaissance is a term with a variety of meanings, but is used widely in discussion of European history. Renaissance originates from the Latin word â€Å"Rinascere† and refers to the act of being reborn. It is believed that during the time from about 1400AD to around 1600AD, Europe was reborn. Originally the term Renaissance only referred to the time when man rediscovered the knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans. However, modern historians have realized these rediscoveries were also crucial to the formation of modern culture. The term Renaissance is now used to indicate all the historical developments that have inspired the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of modern history. Thus, the term Renaissance has now taken on a more significant meaning: not only does the Renaissance mean the rebirth of knowledge, but also represents a step from the past and a leap towards the future. The Renaissance overlapped the end of a period in European history called the Middle Ages. During this time, the great accomplishments of the ancient Greeks and Romans had been largely, though not entirely forgotten. With the ending of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance great cultural movement arose. Beginning in Italy, the new Renaissance spirit spread to England, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and other countries. In Italy during the 14th and 15th centuries certain scholars and historians began to display a remarkable new historical self-consciousness. They believed their own time was a new age, at once sharply different from the barbaric darkness which was imagined had occurred in the centuries before. They grew to believe that there was more to be discovered about mankind and the world, than medieval people had known. The Italians are very eager to rediscover what clever Greeks and Romans had known in ancient times, as well as making their own intelligent attempts to understand the world. This renewed interest in the world and in mankind is called Humanism. Humanism was the most significant intellectual movement of the Renaissance. Humanism during the Renaissance received its name from one of the earliest concerns of the humanists: the need of a new education curriculum that would empathize a group of subjects known collectively as the ‘Studia Humanitatis† involving grammar, history, poetry, ethics, and rhetoric. However, this new education curriculum conflicted directly with the traditional education, which involved logic, science and physics, and often sharp clashes occured between the two educators. However, more was at stake than the content of education. The traditional education was intended chiefly to prepare students for careers in medicine, law, and above all theology. To Renaissance humanists this seemed too narrow, too abstract and too exclusively intellectual. They proposed a system of education that centred on the general responsibilities of citizenship and social leadership. Humanities essential contribution to the modern world is not found in its concern with ancient knowledge, but in its new attitude of flexibility and openness to all the possibilities in life. With people receiving education-involving leadership, they began to gain more confidants. More people began to reject ideas about science put forward by the ancient Greeks and began to search for the truth. They realized that the Greeks† ideas were often intelligent, but also often wrong. Many people still did not want the old ideas disapproved, and threatened scientists to stop having new ideas. However, this did not stop many brilliant scientific inventions being produced at this time. A great scientist of the Renaissance was the Polish student Nicolaus Copernicus who developed the theory that the earth was a moving planet. He is considered the founder of modern astronomy. In Copernicus† time, most astronomers accepted the theory the Greek astronomer Ptolemy had formulated nearly 1400 years earlier. Ptolemy stated that the Earth was the centre of the universe and motionless. He also stated that all the observed motions of the heavenly bodies were real and that those bodies moved in complicated patterns around the Earth. As the church supported Ptolemy theory no one dared to challenge it until Copernicus. Copernicus believed Ptolemy†s theory was too complicated. He decided that the simplest and most systematic explanation was that every planet, including the Earth, revolved around the sun. The Earth also had to spin around its axis once every day. Copernicus couldn†t prove his theory, but his explanation of heavenly motion was mathematically strong and was less complicated than Ptolemy†s theory. The later work of later scientists such as Galileo Galilei helped to prove that Copernicus† theory was correct. Galileo was a Florentine physicist, philosopher, and inventor, whose name became the chief emblem of Renaissance science and of ensuing technological revolution. In 1609, he heard that the rulers of Florence and Venice were searching for someone who could invent an instrument that made distant objects appear closer. Galileo set to work to construct one, and within a few days he had finished, naming it a telescope. During the winter, he turned his telescope to the sky with startling results. He announced that the moon surface was quite similar to earth†s – irregular and mountainous; the Milky Way was made up of a host of stars; and the planet Jupiter is accompanied by at least four satellites. The electrifying effects of these discoveries were amazing. They showed the human senses could be aided artificially to discover new truths about nature, something that neither philosophy nor theology had previous contended with. However, most importantly Ptolemy†s astronomical theory was impossible. Galileo had proven Copernicus theory correct. Galileo had great importance upon the history of ideas. The Renaissance produced many important people who invented or theorized very important advances in history. They all became strong symbols of revolt against the forces of authority, whilst the Renaissance flourished with the power of question. The Renaissance period provided modern culture with a variety of advances in technology, art, science and most importantly it gave mankind confidence. The ancient civilizations, in particular the Greeks and Romans, laid the foundations for civilizations and the Renaissance added the most important ingredient; the ability to ask why. It is appropriate to use the label ‘Rebirth† to describe European history in the 15th and 16th centuries.